China Deploys 2,000 Workers to Spain to Build Major EV Battery Factory, Raising European Dependence
The move fuels debate over technology transfer, supply chain sovereignty, and industrial strategy in Europe
China is sending nearly two thousand personnel to Spain to oversee construction and technical installation at a €4 billion battery manufacturing joint venture with Stellantis, marking one of the boldest demonstrations yet of China’s industrial influence in Europe.
The project, located in Figueruelas near Zaragoza, is being developed by battery giant CATL and automaker Stellantis.
Project planners say the plant will begin production by late 2026 and eventually produce lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries.
It is expected to create over three thousand direct jobs.
According to public reporting and local sources, the Chinese workers will arrive in phases: the first batch of approximately seventy-four CATL engineers and two hundred subcontractors are expected in 2025, followed by an additional eighteen hundred over 2026 and beyond.
Their roles range from heavy construction to equipment commissioning and specialized technical operations.
Under agreements between Spain and China, these workers may maintain their pension and unemployment contributions in China for up to six years — while being protected in Spain against work-related accidents and occupational illness.
Spanish and regional authorities in Aragón are coordinating efforts to strengthen health, housing, and education infrastructure to accommodate the influx in rural areas like Figueruelas.
The deployment has ignited controversy.
Labor representatives and local staff express concern that CATL may be reluctant to transfer crucial know-how.
“They will bring in two thousand — not because Spain lacks people, but because they want to tightly guard their technology,” said José Juan Arceiz, a union official at Stellantis.
Others warn the move echoes Chinese infrastructure strategies in other regions, where national firms dominate the advanced phases while local actors are left with fewer core competencies.
Spain’s central and regional administrations have embraced the investment, emphasizing its potential to propel the country into Europe’s EV battery mainstream.
They argue that such investments anchor future economic competitiveness, even if the early construction phase relies heavily on foreign expertise.
CATL has committed that as operations scale, the workforce will become predominantly Spanish, with Chinese nationals making up less than ten percent of eventual staffing.
It also maintains that the staged entry of its teams accelerates ramp-up times and ensures technical consistency across global sites.
Meanwhile, the scale of China’s workforce export to Europe raises sharper questions about the continent’s industrial resilience.
Many analysts warn that Europe risks becoming a manufacturing base rather than an innovator unless regulatory strings enforce technology sharing and higher local participation.
For now, the initiative illustrates the strategic leverage China wields in the emerging EV economy—while Europe grapples with maintaining sovereignty over its clean energy future.
The project, located in Figueruelas near Zaragoza, is being developed by battery giant CATL and automaker Stellantis.
Project planners say the plant will begin production by late 2026 and eventually produce lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries.
It is expected to create over three thousand direct jobs.
According to public reporting and local sources, the Chinese workers will arrive in phases: the first batch of approximately seventy-four CATL engineers and two hundred subcontractors are expected in 2025, followed by an additional eighteen hundred over 2026 and beyond.
Their roles range from heavy construction to equipment commissioning and specialized technical operations.
Under agreements between Spain and China, these workers may maintain their pension and unemployment contributions in China for up to six years — while being protected in Spain against work-related accidents and occupational illness.
Spanish and regional authorities in Aragón are coordinating efforts to strengthen health, housing, and education infrastructure to accommodate the influx in rural areas like Figueruelas.
The deployment has ignited controversy.
Labor representatives and local staff express concern that CATL may be reluctant to transfer crucial know-how.
“They will bring in two thousand — not because Spain lacks people, but because they want to tightly guard their technology,” said José Juan Arceiz, a union official at Stellantis.
Others warn the move echoes Chinese infrastructure strategies in other regions, where national firms dominate the advanced phases while local actors are left with fewer core competencies.
Spain’s central and regional administrations have embraced the investment, emphasizing its potential to propel the country into Europe’s EV battery mainstream.
They argue that such investments anchor future economic competitiveness, even if the early construction phase relies heavily on foreign expertise.
CATL has committed that as operations scale, the workforce will become predominantly Spanish, with Chinese nationals making up less than ten percent of eventual staffing.
It also maintains that the staged entry of its teams accelerates ramp-up times and ensures technical consistency across global sites.
Meanwhile, the scale of China’s workforce export to Europe raises sharper questions about the continent’s industrial resilience.
Many analysts warn that Europe risks becoming a manufacturing base rather than an innovator unless regulatory strings enforce technology sharing and higher local participation.
For now, the initiative illustrates the strategic leverage China wields in the emerging EV economy—while Europe grapples with maintaining sovereignty over its clean energy future.