The underground gambling economy in Thailand is valued at approximately 1.1 trillion baht per year.

This breaks down into 500 billion baht for online casinos and 600 billion baht for underground casinos and other illicit gambling activities.

Approximately 39% of the money circulates within Thailand, while 61% is funnelled out of the country.

A significant portion of the population is involved in gambling, with 34.5 million participants aged 15 and over, representing 63.1% of this demographic.

There are more female gamblers (17.7 million) than male gamblers (16.8 million).

The most popular forms of gambling include the government lottery (27.5 million participants), the illegal lottery (21.9 million), and card games (4.7 million).

Football betting accounts for the largest share in terms of financial value, at 270.415 billion baht, followed by the illegal lottery (164.069 billion baht), the government lottery (160.239 billion baht), online gambling (154.819 billion baht), and other lotteries (97.738 billion baht).

A complex network of individuals is involved in underground gambling, with a hierarchy of influence including major financiers, police officers, government officials, influential figures, politicians, bookmakers, runners, online gambling website administrators, players, bettors, and account managers.

Direct betting with bookmakers remains the most common channel (113.040 billion baht, or 68.9%), while other methods such as chat applications, websites, and social media are gaining traction.

The study also examined the detrimental effects of gambling addiction, revealing that 7.45 million people experience negative consequences, including financial hardship, stress, mental health problems, strained family relationships, and debt.

A total of 1.67 million individuals have accumulated 20.606 billion baht in debt due to illegal gambling, with an average debt of 12,335 baht per person.