Thailand has submitted a formal letter to the United Nations alleging that Cambodian forces carried out armed attacks on Thai territory and planted newly laid PMN-2 anti-personnel landmines inside Thailand. The communication cites multiple incidents between 16 and 24 July 2025 and asserts that Cambodia’s actions violate international law, including Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. Thailand states that its military response has been limited and conducted under the right of self-defence pursuant to Article 51 of the Charter.

Alleged new PMN-2 landmines inside Thailand

• Dates of incidents: 16 and 23 July 2025.
• Location: Thai territory along the Thai–Cambodian border (exact coordinates not disclosed in the letter).
• Casualties: Two Thai soldiers severely injured; additional personnel reported wounded.
• Munition type cited: PMN-2 anti-personnel landmines.
• Treaty context: Thailand reports that it destroyed all anti-personnel mine stockpiles in 2003 and has reported this to the UN. The letter states that Cambodia was reported as still possessing PMN-2 mines as of late 2024 and alleges this constitutes a breach of obligations under the Mine Ban Treaty (Ottawa Convention), to which both countries are parties.

Reported armed attack on 24 July 2025

• Time and place: 08:20 local time, 24 July 2025, at a Thai military base at Ta Muen Thom, Surin Province.
• Immediate impact: Two Thai soldiers killed.
• Subsequent actions reported by Thailand: Expansion of Cambodian operations into civilian areas across four Thai provinces—Buriram, Surin, Sisaket and Ubon Ratchathani.
• Civilian toll reported by Thailand: 11 civilian deaths and 24 injured, including eight seriously.
• Displacement and damage: Over 102,000 people evacuated; damage reported to hospitals, schools and other public infrastructure.

Legal claims presented by Thailand

• UN Charter Article 2(4): Thailand states that Cambodia’s use of force against Thai territory violates the prohibition on the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another state.
• UN Charter Article 51: Thailand asserts its responses were acts of self-defence, described as limited and targeted to address an immediate threat.
• Ottawa Convention (Mine Ban Treaty): Thailand alleges Cambodia’s placement of PMN-2 landmines on Thai soil breaches treaty obligations, contrasting this with Thailand’s declared stockpile destruction in 2003.

Thai government’s stated position

Thailand affirms a commitment to a peaceful resolution of the dispute and frames its military actions as proportionate and confined to countering ongoing attacks. The letter requests UN attention to the alleged violations and documents the sequence of incidents, casualty figures, displacement numbers and categories of weapons referenced.