Thailand is facing an uphill battle in restoring stable relations with Cambodia following the recent peace agreement signed on October 26 in Kuala Lumpur.

The accord, co-signed by Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet and witnessed by U.S. President Donald Trump, affirmed steps to de-escalate the border conflict that erupted July this year.

The declaration sets out a series of measures—including the withdrawal of heavy weapons from contested border zones, joint clearance of landmines, enhanced cross-border cooperation on crime and the eventual release of eighteen Cambodian prisoners of war held by Thailand.

Thailand’s army spokesman, Major General Winthai Suvaree, confirmed that tanks and other heavy systems have begun to move back from the frontier.

Nonetheless, within Thailand domestic pressure is rising.

Some civilians and military officers doubt Cambodia’s willingness to fully comply, and sources within the Thai army say a “backup plan” has already been drawn in the event Phnom Penh fails to deliver.

They emphasise that the repatriation of the captured soldiers will only be the final step once all technical conditions are verified.

Nationalistic sentiment complicates the equation.

A senior analyst warned that without involving Thai border-communities and clearly informing citizens of progress, public frustration may mount and destabilise the fragile truce.

Compounding the challenge, Cambodia has accused Thailand of psychological operations on the border—broadcasting unsettling louds-speaker noises described as “ghost‐like”—while Thailand counters with allegations of new land-mines being laid by Cambodian forces.

The absence of China—despite its mediation ambitions—in the Kuala Lumpur ceremony has raised concerns that the accord may become a stage for broader geopolitical competition if it unravels.

Thailand, a strategic partner of the United States, and Cambodia, which maintains closer ties with Beijing, now must deliver credible deliverables to prove the accord is more than a diplomatic gesture.

For Thailand’s government, led by Prime Minister Anutin, the next weeks will test whether the agreement transitions from paper into action in a way that bolsters both border stability and domestic legitimacy.

Key indicators will include verification of heavy-weapon withdrawal, visible land-mine-clearance, resumption of border-trade activity and transparent updates to communities impacted by the fighting.